Lesson 15: Simple past tense

यो tense को प्रयोग ‘अहिले अगाडि’ अथवा ‘विगतमा’ कुनै कुरो घट्यो भन्ने कुरा जनाउन प्रयोग हुन्छ । यो कालको नेपाली अनुवाद क्रिया अनुसार ‘खायो, सुत्यो, अनुवाद गर्यो, घृणा गरे, सताइन्’ इत्यादि हुन्छ ।

यो tense सामान्यतया: विगत जनाउने समय बोधक क्रिया विशेषणहरू (yesterday, the day before, ago, last, back) सँग आउँछ ।

संरचनाहरू

Subject + verb 2 + object (खायो)

Subject + didn’t+ verb1 + object (खाएन)

Did+ Subject + verb1+ Object? (खायो ?)

What+ did + subject + verb1 + Obj?

Note: करण (affirmative) बाहेकका सबै संरचनामा verb1 को प्रयोग हुन्छ ।

Examples:

ऊ हिजो सात बजे आइपुग्यो । He arrived at 7 yesterday.

राजा १२ वर्ष अघि मरे । The king died 12 years ago.

उनीहरू छुट्टी मनाउन गए । They went on holiday.

मैले एउटा खबर सुने । I heard a piece of news.

उसले हामीलाई निम्तो दिएन । He didn’t invite us.

कसैले पनि घर सफा गरेन । Nobody cleaned the house.

पाँचवटा जन्मका वावजुद उनले कहिल्यै छोरी जन्माइनन् । Despite five births, she never had a baby girl.

उसलाई जागिर भेट्न मुश्किल भएन । He didn’t have difficulty finding a job.

More examples:

It rained all morning yesterday. It stopped at lunchtime.

We enjoyed the game last week. We ate fritters and hooted for our team. The game finished at 5 PM.

JIvan ran into the room, took off his hat and sat down on the couch.

Did you do the shopping?

Did you have a good time with her?

Did you go to work last Sunday?

Questions:

हिजो पानी पर्यो ? Did it rain yesterday?

तिमीले पार्टीमा यो कपडा लगायौं ? What did you wear to the party?

कसैले तिमीलाई केही भन्यो ? Did anyone tell you anything?

तिमीलाई गत राति राम्रो निन्द्रा पर्यो ? Did you sleep well last night?

ढोका त लगायौं ? Did you lock the door?

तिमीहरू कहिले तराइ झर्योँ ? When did you migrate to Terai?

ऊ कति बजे गयो ? What time did he go?

यहाँ आउनु अगाडि तिमीले कहाँ काम गर्यो ? Where did you work before you came here?

तिमीले कहिले भन्यो कि तिमी मलाई माया गर्छौं ? When did you tell me that you loved me?

Warning:

मैले साँचो कहाँ राखेँ ?

Where have I kept my key?

मैले हिजो साँचो कहाँ राखेँ ?

Where did I keep the key yesterday?

यी दुईवटा वाक्यमा दुबै भूत काल जस्तो सुनिए पनि प्रथम वाक्य पूर्ण वर्तमान हो किन कि यो वाक्य अनुसार हामी अझै पनि साँचो खोजिरहेका छौं । अर्को वाक्य भने भूत काल हो ।

Simple past tense लाई When र as soon as सँग राखेर दुईवटा past का वाक्यहरूलाई जोड्न सकिन्छ तर यस्तो प्रयोग विगतमा एक पछि अर्को तुरुन्त भएका वाक्यहरूमा हुन्छ । यदि एउटा काम र अर्को कामको बीचमा समयको अन्तराल छ भने यो प्रयोग गर्नु हुँदैन । यस्तो प्रयोगमा When र as soon as ले ‘बित्तिकै’ भन्ने अर्थ दिन्छ । संरचना र केही उदाहरणहरू हेरौं ।

Simple past (दोस्रो काम) + when/ as soon as + Simple past (प्रथम काम).

When/ as soon as + Simple past (प्रथम काम), Simple Past (दोस्रो काम) .

जस्तै,

सर्प देख्ने बित्तिकै ऊ चिच्यायो । He yelled when/as soon as he saw a snake/ As soon as/When he saw a snake, he yelled.

नोट: यहाँ ‘देख्ने’ काम पहिला भयो र ‘चिच्याउने’ काम दोस्रो भयो । यो क्रमलाई भुल्नु हुँदैन ।

अरू उदाहरणहरू:

म भित्र छिर्ने बित्तिकै बिरालो बाहिर भाग्यो । The cat ran out when I get in/ When I got in, the cat ran out.

चट्याङ्ग पर्ने बित्तिकै उसले मेरो अँगालोमा हाम फाली । She jumped into my embrace as soon as the thunder bolted/As soon as the thunder bolted, she jumped into my embrace.

ऊ सडकमा निस्कने बित्तिकै कसैले गोली ठोक्यो । Somebody shot him when he got on the road/ When he got on the road, somebody shot him.

राधाले फ्रिज खोल्ने बित्तिकै जमेको माकुरा देखी । Radha saw a frozen spider as soon as she opened the fridge/ As soon as she opened the fridge, Radha saw a frozen spider.

Exercises: