The present perfect tense is used to indicate an action or state that happened in the past and its effects continue to the present. It is formed with the present tense of the verb “have” + the past participle of the main verb. (विगतमा सुरु भएको र असर अझैसम्म भएको अवस्थामा)
Examples of present perfect tense:
- I have lived in this city for 10 years. (म यो सहरमा १० वर्षदेखि बसेको छु।)
- She has studied Spanish for 5 months. (उनले पाँच महिनादेखि स्पानिस भाषा पढेकी्छिन्। पढ्दै छिन्।)
- They have been married for 25 years.(उनीहरू २५ वर्षदेखि विवाहित छन्।)
- He has not written three novels.(उनले तिनवटा उपन्यासहरू लेखेका छैनन्।)
- We have not traveled to many countries.( हामी धेरै देशहरू घुमेका छैनौं।)
- The company has been in business for over 50 years.( यो कम्पनी व्यापारमा भएको ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी भएको छ।)
- She has had three children. ( उनका तीनजना बच्चाहरू जन्मेका थिए।)
- How many cars have they had?( उनीहरूसँग कतिवटा कारहरू थिए?)
- He hasn’t learned anything from this experience.(उसले यो घटनाबाट केही सिकेका छैनन्।)
- They have not made any improvements to the product.(उनीहरूले यो सामानमा केही सुधार गरेका छैनन्।)
The present perfect continuous is used to indicate an action that began in the past and is still continuing in the present. It is formed with the present tense of the verb “have” + the present participle of the main verb (-ing). विगतमा सुरु भई अझैसम्म जारी रहेको
Examples of present perfect continuous: (huge reshuffling needed)
- I have been living in this city for 10 years.( हामी शहरमा बसेको १० वर्ष भइसकेको छ।)
- She has not been paying attention.( उनले ध्यान दिइरहेकी छैनन्।)
- She has been studying Spanish for 5 months.( उनले पाँच महिनादेखि स्पानिस भाषा पढ्दै छिन्।)
- They have been working together for 25 years.( उनीहरू २५ वर्ष देखि सँगै काम गर्दै छन्।)
- Ram and Sita have not been speaking to each other. Have they had an argument?( राम र सिता एक अर्कासँग बोलेका छैनन् । उनीहरूको झगडा परेको हो ?
- He has been writing a novel for 2 years.उनीहरूले उपन्यास लेख्न थालेको २ वर्ष भयो?
- We have not been working for a year. हामीहरूले काम नगरेको १ वर्ष हुन भइसकेको छ?
- The company has not been growing in recent years. They are thinking of liquidating it.यो कम्पनीले केही वर्षदेखि बढेको छैन।उनीहरू यसलाई खारेज गर्न खोज्दै छन्।
- She has been feeling better since last week. उनी अघिल्लो हप्ताबाट सन्चो हुदै छिन्।
- It has not been raining. अहिले पानी परिरहेको छैन्।
- How long have you been waiting? तिमी कति बेर देखि पर्खिरहेका छौं?
- Why has she been crying? उनी किन रोइरहेकी छिन्?
स्मरण रहोस् सबै verbs लाई present perfect continuous tense मा राख्न मिल्दैन । हामीले पहिला नै पढिसकेका non-continuous verbs को सूची फेरि हेर्नुहोस्:
| Like love hate Want need prefer Know realizeSuppose Mean understand believe Remember belong contain Consist depend seem |
अर्थात् म तिमीलाई सधैं माया गरिरहेको छु भन्नलाई I have always been loving you भन्न मिल्दैन ।
Correct sentence:
I have always loved you.
They have realized their mistakes.
Translate the following sentences into English
- उनीहरूले उत्पादनमा धेरै सुधार गर्दै आएका छन्।
- उनले यो कम्पनीमा १५ वर्ष काम गरेका छन् ।
- उनले यो परियोजनामा १५ महिनादेखि काम गरिरहेका छन् ।
- हामी लामो समयदेखि साथी छैनौं। (हामी साथी भएको लामो समय भएको छैन?)
- केही सातादेखि आयोजना ढिला भएको छ ।
- तपाइँ कति समयदेखि छुट्टी योजना गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ?
- आयोजना राम्रोसँग अघि बढ्न सकेको छैन ।
- त्यो संगीत के हो? उसले पियानो बजाउँदै छे?
- मलाई सोध्नुहोस् म मेरो साथीलाई कति समय पर्खिरहेको छु। म भन्छु ‘युगौं’
- उनी हरेक बिहान कहाँ जाने गर्छिन्?
- तिनीहरूले अझै छुट्टी गन्तव्यका बारेमा निर्णय गरेका छन्?
Find the correct tense for the verbs.
- I _____________(see) that movie several times.
- They _____________(discuss) the issue for an hour.
- He _____________ (read) a book for 2 hours.
- We _____________ (have) a bath for 10 minutes.
- The store_____________(be) busy all day.
- They _____________ (wait) for an hour.
- He _____________ (finish) his homework.
- We _____________(have) a great time here.
- She _____________(study) hard for her exams.
- The _____________ (work) on this project for two weeks.
- Sila _____________ (run) every morning for a month.
- The bank _____________(be) open since 9am.
- She _____________ (be) to France twice.
- Ravi _____________(have) an I-phone for three months.
